Impilo yengqondo yabantu abadala isibe ngenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu akubangelwa nje ukuthi abantu baguga ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kungenxa yokuthi izinkinga ezingokomzwelo, zengqondo, nezokuziphatha ebudaleni azikahlolwa kahle, aziphathwa kahle, futhi, kaningi kakhulu, azibonakali emphakathini.
Namuhla siyazi ukuthi ukuguga okunempilo akuxhomekile ekuphatheni izifo zomzimba kuphela. Kubalulekile futhi ukunakekela inhlalakahle yengqondo , ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, kanye nomuzwa wenhloso yabantu abadala. Lokhu kuhilela ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, i-dementia, isizungu, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukucindezeleka, ukuzibulala, kanye nokulutha, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela, ukwesekwa komphakathi, izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, izinqubomgomo zomphakathi, kanye nendima ebalulekile yabanakekeli.
Idatha ebalulekile kanye nobubanzi benkinga
Umhlaba ungena esigabeni lapho abantu asebekhulile bezoba yiphesenti elikhulu labantu . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni uzobe eseneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu, nokuthi ngo-2050, leli qembu leminyaka lizofinyelela abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.100, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yabantu emhlabeni. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2060, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 bazoba ngaphezu kwalabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.
Iqembu labantu abadala kunabo bonke likhula ngokushesha: inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-80 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi liphindwe kathathu phakathi kuka-2023 no-2060 , lidlule izigidi ezingu-500. Lokhu kushintsha kwezibalo zabantu kunomthelela oqondile empilweni yengqondo yomhlaba wonke, njengoba kwandisa inani eliphelele labantu abasengozini yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nokwehla kwengqondo, okuholela eminyakeni yokuphila nokukhubazeka.
Ngokusho kwezibalo zakamuva zomhlaba wonke, cishe abantu abayi-14% abaneminyaka engu-70 nangaphezulu baphila nohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kuleli qembu, lezi zinkinga zilinganiselwa ku-6,8% weminyaka yonke ephila nokukhubazeka, okuyinani elibalulekile uma ubheka izindleko zabantu, ezempilo kanye nezenhlalo ezihilelekile.
Imininingwane yokuzibulala nayo iveza lukhulu: kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ukufa okukodwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni wonke kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engu-70 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile izinga lapho izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zingabonakala khona noma zingatholakali ukunakwa okwanele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu abadala ibona ukwehla kwenhlalakahle yabo engokomzwelo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izifundo eziningana eSpain zibonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abathathu kwabane babika ukuthi impilo yabo yengqondo iyawohloka , okubangelwa ubunzima bezezimali, ukungaqiniseki, izingcindezi zansuku zonke, umthelela wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, kanye nomuzwa wokuphila emphakathini oqhubeka nokuba ngowomuntu siqu noncintisanayo.
Sisho ukuthini ngempilo yengqondo lapho usukhulile?
Impilo yengqondo ayikona nje ukungabikho kokugula. Kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuphila, okuhlanganisa nokuguga, kuhilela isimo senhlalakahle lapho umuntu eqaphela khona amakhono akhe , angabhekana nokucindezeleka kwansuku zonke, asebenze noma enze imisebenzi enenjongo, futhi anikele emphakathini wakhe noma endaweni eseduze.
Kubantu abadala, le nhlalakahle ihlobene nokulinganisela ngokomzwelo (indlela abazizwa ngayo ngabo nangabanye) kanye nekhono lokugcina ubudlelwano obunenjongo, ukujabulela imisebenzi, nokugcina izinga elithile lokuzimela . Akukhona nje ukungabi nokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka, kodwa mayelana nokukwazi ukujabulela impilo, ukuzizwa uwusizo, nokugcina ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo.
Impilo yengqondo ekugugeni ithintwa izinguquko zemvelo zomjikelezo wokuphila (umhlalaphansi, ukulahlekelwa abathandekayo, izinguquko zomzimba), izifo ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nezici zomphakathi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi izinkinga zempilo yengqondo aziyona imiphumela engenakugwenywa yokuguga . Iningi labantu abadala libika ukuthi liyaneliseka ngokuphila kwalo, naphezu kokubhekana nokugula okwengeziwe noma ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba.
Inkinga iwukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuphila, njengokuba ngumfelokazi, ukulahlekelwa ukuhamba, noma ukuthuthela ekhaya lokunakekelwa, kungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka, ukudabuka, noma isizungu . Abantu abaningi bagcina bezivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa abanye banamathela kulokhu kuhlupheka futhi bangase babe nokucindezeleka, izinkinga zokukhathazeka, noma ezinye izinkinga zengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi impilo yengqondo ithonya ngqo ikhono lokuphatha ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Isifo sokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo kungaphazamisa ukunamathela ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha , ukuzinakekela, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nokubamba iqhaza emphakathini, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekene nezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, noma isifo sohlangothi.
Izinkinga zengqondo ezivamile kubantu abadala
Phakathi kwalabo abaneminyaka engu-60-70, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezivame kakhulu ukucindezeleka, izinkinga zokukhathazeka, kanye ne-dementia , yize lezi kungezona zodwa. Izinkinga zengqondo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukulutheka, kanye nokuziphatha kokuzibulala nakho kuyavela, ngobunzima obukhulu lapho umuntu esekhulile kakhulu.
Ukucindezeleka kubantu abadala
Ukucindezeleka yisifo esivame kakhulu semizwa ebudaleni. Ukusabalala kwaso kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezifundo kanye nezimo, kodwa izibalo zibikiwe zisukela ngaphezu kwe-1% kuya cishe ku-9-10% kubantu abadala abahlala emphakathini, kanye namaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu kubantu abakhuliswe ezikhungweni.
Emakhaya okunakekela abantu abadala kanye nasemakhaya asebekhulile, izifundo ezahlukahlukene zithole amazinga okucindezeleka angafinyelela ku -20-30% wabantu abahlala khona . Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwenziwe ezikhungweni zomphakathi eTenerife luthole ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yabantu abahlala khona babenesifo sokucindezeleka esingaxilongwa.
Ukucindezeleka kubantu abadala akuveli njalo ngencazelo yakudala "yokuzizwa udabukile." Kuvame ukubonakala kakhulu ngezimpawu zomzimba kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha : ukusabalala kobuhlungu, isiyezi, ukwehla kwesisindo, izinkinga zokulala, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukuzihlukanisa nabantu, ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo emisebenzini eyayijatshulelwa ngaphambilini, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, noma ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala abaningi abavamile ukukhuluma ngomhlaba wabo wemizwa ngenxa yokucwaswa kanye nezinkolelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi mayelana nempilo yengqondo . Bangase babheke ukudabuka okujulile, ukudumazeka, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba njengento "yokubekezelela" noma ingxenye yemvelo yokuguga, kanti empeleni kuyisimo esingelashwa.
Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ekugugeni
Ukukhathazeka kungenye inkinga enkulu yempilo yengqondo kulesi sigaba sempilo. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka okuvamile kungathinta abantu abadala abaphakathi kuka-10 no-15% , futhi kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane, abanamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nakho kunabesilisa.
Imithombo yokukhathazeka iyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Asisakhulumi kakhulu ngengcindezi yomsebenzi noma izifundo, kodwa sikhuluma ngokwesaba ukugula, ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela, ukungakwazi ukuzinakekela, izinkinga zezimali , ukufa komlingani noma abangane, noma ukwesaba ukuphelela ekhaya lasebekhulile. Konke lokhu kungadala isimo sokwesaba okungapheli, ukuqwasha , umuzwa oqhubekayo wosongo, kanye nezimpawu zomzimba (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuqina kwesifuba, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla) ezenza impilo ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ukucindezeleka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona kuyo yonke impilo, kodwa ekugugeni kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinselele ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukuzimela, umhlalaphansi ongafuneki, usizi oluqongelelekile, ukuthutha, noma ukutholakala kwezifo ezingathi sína. Uma kuba yisifo esingamahlalakhona futhi kuhlanganiswa nezinye izici, ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ngisho nokwandisa ingozi yokuzibulala.
I-Dementia kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo
I-dementia ichazwa njengesifo esivame ukuba sibi noma siqhubekela phambili esihilela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokuqonda njengenkumbulo, ukuqondisa, ulimi, ukucabanga noma ikhono lokwenza izinqumo, ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe eminyakeni.
Imbangela evame kakhulu yesifo sokuwohloka komqondo yisifo i-Alzheimer's , esibangela phakathi kuka-60% no-70% wamacala. Lesi sifo sithinta kancane kancane inkumbulo yakamuva, ikhono lokufunda izinto ezintsha, ukubona ubuso, ukuphatha imali, ukuzijwayeza isikhathi nendawo, nokugcina izingxoxo ezikhululekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu ulahlekelwa ukuzimela emisebenzini yansuku zonke, okunomthelela omkhulu emndenini nakubanakekeli.
ESpain, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunabantu abangaphezu kuka- 700.000 abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 abanesifo i-Alzheimer's , nokuthi ngo-2050 lesi sibalo singasondela ezigidini ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila. Emakhaya okunakekelwa, i-dementia ephakathi nendawo nembi kakhulu ivamile, kanti amazinga okusabalala kwezinye izifundo afinyelela cishe ku-5% noma ngaphezulu kancane ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungaphambaniswa "nezinto zokuguga," kodwa uma kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke (isibonelo, umuntu akasakwazi ukuphatha imali yakhe, ulahleka ezindaweni ajwayelene nazo, noma engaziqapheli izihlobo eziseduze), sibhekene nesifo esidinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, ukuxilongwa, kanye nohlelo lokungenelela oluphelele.
Izinkinga zengqondo nezinye izinkinga
Nakuba kungaxoxwa kangako, izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-schizophrenia kanye nezinkinga zokucabanga ezikhohlisayo zikhona nakubantu abadala . Izifundo ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwasebekhulile zibonise amazinga aphezulu okusabalala kwalezi zimo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa. Iningi lalaba bantu seliphile nalesi sifo iminyaka eminingi futhi bagcine sebehlala ezikhungweni ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa komphakathi, kanye nobunzima bokuphila ngokuzimela.
Enye inkinga evame ukunganakwa umlutha ekugugeni . Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, izidakamizwa, noma izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nentsha, kodwa kwenzeka nakubantu abadala. Eqinisweni, kungabonakala kakhulu ngoba izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, umhlalaphansi, noma imithwalo yemfanelo encishisiwe kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile akudonseli ukunaka okungako.
Kulesi sigaba, umzimba uzwela kakhulu ezintweni ezidakayo, ngakho-ke ingozi yomzimba ehambisana nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, imithi ye-psychotropic, noma ezinye izidakamizwa inkulu kakhulu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile futhi kuvame ukuwela emalungwini omndeni, kubangani, kanye nochwepheshe ababona izinguquko emikhubeni yokudla, emizweni, emakhonweni okuqonda, noma ekuxhumaneni nabantu.
Ukuzibulala kubantu asebekhulile kakhulu
Isibalo esisodwa esikhathazayo kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaneminyaka engu-85 nangaphezulu banezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzibulala kunabo bonke ubudala. Ukuziphatha kokuzibulala kule minyaka kuthonywa yinhlanganisela yezici: ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela ngokomzimba nangokwezomnotho, izinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nobuhlungu, ukuhlukaniswa nabantu, usizi, ukucindezeleka okungalashwa, imizamo yokuzibulala yangaphambilini, izingxabano zomndeni, kanye nokuzizwa njengomthwalo.
Kuleli qembu, ukuthola izimpawu zesixwayiso kusenesikhathi kunzima ngoba izimpawu zingaphanjaniswa "nezinto zokuguga" noma izinkinga zomzimba. Yingakho kugcizelelwa ukuthi izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ezokuguga, kanye nezempilo yengqondo kumele ziqeqeshwe futhi zibe nezinsiza ezanele zokuhlonza lezi zinkinga, zibuze ngqo ngemicabango yokuzibulala, futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa okukhethekile.
Izici zengozi: eziphilayo, ezengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo
Impilo yengqondo ekugugeni ilawulwa yinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezici zebhayoloji, ezengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo , eziqongelela impilo yonke futhi zibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebudaleni obukhulile.
Ngokombono webhayoloji, izici ezifana nokuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo, izinguquko zamahomoni, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuba khona kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingathathelwana njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo , izifo zemithambo yegazi, izifo zengqondo, noma ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kahle kudlala indima. Lezi zimo ziye zahlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yokucindezeleka kanye namathuba aphezulu okuthola i-dementia.
Noma kunjalo, ingxenye encane kakhulu yamacala e-dementia ichazwa yizici zebhayoloji kuphela . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-5% avela kakhulu ku-genetic, kanti okunye kuhlobene nezici ezingashintshwa njengendlela yokuphila , imfundo, impilo yenhliziyo, kanye namazinga okukhuthaza ingqondo kanye nomphakathi kukho konke ukuphila.
Ezingeni lengqondo, ukuqongelela okuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo kuyasinda kakhulu . Ukulahlekelwa abathandekayo, ukwehla ngokomzimba, ukuzimela okunciphayo, noma umuzwa wokungabi nendima ecacile emphakathini kungaba yizinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwamasu okubhekana nesimo anele noma ukwesekwa okwanele, lezi zenzakalo zingabangela noma zibhebhethekise ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
Engxenyeni yomphakathi, izinto ezimbili zivelela ngokuphindaphindiwe: isizungu esingafuneki kanye nokuhlukaniswa komphakathi . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu abadala bavame ukuzizwa benesizungu. Okungeziwe kulokhu umthelela ongokomzwelo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi, okuvame ukuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa indima, imikhuba, kanye nomuzwa wenjongo, kanye nokuqala kokungalali noma ezinye izinkinga zokulala.
Kumelwe futhi sikhulume ngokuguga, noma ukucwaswa ngokobudala , okusakazeke kabanzi futhi okuvame ukwenziwa kube okuvamile. Abantu abaningi asebekhulile banomuzwa wokuthi imibono yabo ayinakwa, ukuthi bakhuliswa izingane, noma babhekwa njengomthwalo. Lokhu kwelashwa kuthinta ukuzethemba, kuqinisa ukuzihlukanisa, futhi kwenza impilo yengqondo ibe yimbi kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, kukhona "ukwethuka buthule" kokuhlukunyezwa kwasebekhulile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi oyedwa kubantu abadala abayisithupha uhlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa ngokomzimba, ngamazwi, ngokwengqondo, ngokocansi, noma ngokwezimali, ngokuvamile ezandleni zabanakekeli babo noma amalungu omndeni. Lokhu kuhlukunyezwa kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu: kwandisa ingozi yokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukwehla kwengqondo, ngisho nokufa.
Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo, ukunakekelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nempilo yengqondo
Impilo emakhaya okunakekelwa kanye nasemakhaya asebekhulile idinga ukuhlaziywa okuhlukile. Izifundo eziningi zithole ukuthi ukwanda kwezifo zengqondo kubantu abadala abakhuliswe ezikhungweni kuphakeme kakhulu kunalabo abahlala emphakathini. Ezinye izifundo zibika izibalo ezisukela ngaphansi kuka-30% kuya ngaphezu kuka-90%, kuye ngendlela esetshenzisiwe.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe emakhaya omphakathi asebekhulile esiqhingini saseTenerife luhlole isampula yabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlola (njenge-GHQ-28) kanye nezingxoxo zezokwelapha ezinemininingwane. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi, ngemva kokulinganisa idatha, cishe amaphesenti angu-45-46 abantu abahlala khona babonisa uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo , okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezinkinga zengqondo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukhulu.
Lolo cwaningo olufanayo luchaze amaphesenti acishe abe ngu- 6% ezinkingeni zokukhathazeka , angaphezu kancane kuka-21% ezinkingeni zokucindezeleka, cishe u-13% ezinkingeni zengqondo, kanye no-5% wezinkingeni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, luthole ukuthi izifo zengqondo zaziphakeme cishe kabili kulesi sikhungo kunasebantwini abadala abahlala emphakathini (lapho kwabonakala khona ukusabalala okungaphansi kancane kuka-18%).
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Incazelo eyodwa ikhomba amandla esikhungo: izindawo ezivamile kakhulu ezingenazo izikhuthazo zengqondo zingadala isithukuthezi, ukunganaki, ukuzithiba, kanye nokuphelelwa yithemba. Uma kungekho ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abanele noma izinhlelo zokuvuselela, ikhaya lingagcina liqinisa ukuthembela kanye nokulahlekelwa amakhono.
Esinye isici ukuthi abantu abanezinkinga zempilo yengqondo esezikhona, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, noma ukuntuleka kokusekelwa komphakathi yibo kanye labo abavame ukuphelela kulezi zikhungo. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuhlobo buhamba ngazo zombili izindlela: i-psychopathology ithanda ukwenziwa kwezikhungo, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenziwa kwezikhungo kungabhebhethekisa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo uma kungaphathwa kahle.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso nokuthi kufanele ucele nini usizo
Ukuhlonza izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kubantu abadala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile, kodwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezibonakaliso eziningana eziyisixwayiso okufanele zisenze sisole ukuthi kukhona okunye okwenzekayo:
- Izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezingeni lemizwa noma lamandla.
- Izinguquko ezinkulu emaphethini okulala noma okudla.
- Ukuzihlukanisa okuqhubekayo nomndeni, abangane, kanye nemisebenzi ayeyijabulela ngaphambilini.
- Ukudideka, ukukhohlwa njalo, ukucasuka, noma ukwesaba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
- Imizwa eqhubekayo yokudabuka, ukungabi nalutho, ukuphelelwa yithemba, noma ukungabi nasithakazelo.
- Ubuhlungu obungokomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo sezokwelapha noma obukhuliswe kakhulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kogwayi, utshwala, noma imithi.
- Imicabango ephindaphindayo ngokufa, imibono yokuzilimaza, noma ukuthi impilo "ayifanele."
- Ukuqonda izinto ezingekho (amazwi, izinsolo ezingenasisekelo, imibono ekhohlisayo).
Njengoba benikezwe lezi zimpawu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi umuntu omdala, noma abanakekeli bakhe, bafune usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu . Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, lapho bangathunyelwa khona ku-psychology noma ku-psychiatry, noma ezinkonzweni zabantu abadala kanye namayunithi akhethekile e-dementia. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-psychotherapy (isibonelo, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma) kanye, lapho kudingeka, imithi efanele, kuye kwabonakala kusebenza ezimweni eziningi.
Umthelela kubanakekeli
Iningi lokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kwabantu abadala abane-dementia noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo liwela kubanakekeli abangakahleleki: amalungu omndeni, abangane, noma abalingani . Umsebenzi wabo uvame ukuba wansuku zonke, odinga amandla, ongaziswa kakhulu, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ongakhokhelwa futhi ongenalo ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.
Lo mthwalo wokunakekela oqhubekayo ungaholela ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, izinkinga zokulala, kanye nomuzwa wokungabi nokuphila kwabo kubanakekeli. Uma bengasekelwa ngokwanele, ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuphathwa kabi nayo iyanda, ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukuphelelwa yithemba kanye nomthwalo osindayo wabanakekeli kunokuba kube yinhloso embi.
Ngakho-ke, iziqondiso kanye nezinhlelo zokwenza kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunikeza abanakekeli ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwesikhashana, ukwesekwa kwengqondo, ukuqeqeshwa, usizo lwezezimali, kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi (izikhungo zasemini, amaqembu okusekela, ukunakekelwa ngocingo , njll.). Ukunakekela abanakekeli kubalulekile ebudlelwaneni bokunakekela obuhlala njalo nobunenhlonipho.
Ukukhuthaza inhlalakahle nokuvimbela izinkinga
Amasu okukhuthaza nokuvimbela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kubantu abadala agxile ekukhuthazeni ukuguga okusebenzayo, okubambe iqhaza, nokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka . Akukhona nje ukungenelela lapho ukugula sekuvele kuqalile, kodwa kumayelana nokudala izindawo nemikhuba enciphisa amathuba okuvela kwezinkinga zengqondo.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo eziphawuleka kakhulu emazingeni enqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye neyomphakathi esizitholayo:
- Ukunciphisa ukungazethembi ngokwezimali kanye nokungalingani kwemali engenayo ebudaleni.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi kunezindawo zokuhlala ezifinyeleleka kalula neziphephile, izakhiwo zomphakathi kanye nezokuthutha.
- Khuthaza amanethiwekhi okusekelana aqinile futhi abandakanya wonke umuntu kubantu abadala.
- Khuthaza izindlela zokuphila ezinempilo: ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukungabhemi kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Thuthukisa izinhlelo ezithile zamaqembu asengozini, njengalabo abahlala bodwa, ezindaweni zasemakhaya, noma abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye nelomndeni, izincomo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo zingenza umehluko: ukugcina imikhuba yokuphila enempilo (ukulala kahle, ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba ovumelanisiwe , ukunakekela ukudla kwakho), ukubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yokufundisa ngobuhlakani bemizwa, ukuzijwayeza ukuzindla nokuphumula, ukubonisa ukubonga nokucabanga okuhle, kanye nokubeka imigomo emincane kanye nemikhuba yansuku zonke enikeza isakhiwo kanye nesisusa.
Kuzuzisa kakhulu futhi ukugcina ingqondo yakho isebenza futhi ujabulele izinto zokuzilibazisa : ukufunda, ukuchitha isikhathi, ukulima ingadi, ukuthunga, imisebenzi yezandla, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, ukuphatha imithwalo yemfanelo emincane yasekhaya, njll. Lezi zinhlobo zemisebenzi ziqinisa ukuzethemba, umuzwa wokuba nekhono, kanye nokuxhumana nendawo ezungezile.
Ukuxhumana nabantu kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukukhuthaza abantu asebekhulile ukuthi balondoloze futhi bandise amanethiwekhi abo okusekela, ubungane, kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi (amaqembu omakhelwane, izinhlangano, ukuzithandela, imisebenzi yamasiko) kunciphisa ukuzihlukanisa futhi kusobala ukuthi kuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukwenza isenzo sokufuna usizo lwengqondo sibe yinto evamile . Abantu abadala abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuya kudokotela wengqondo noma wengqondo "kuyahlanya" noma kuyinto okufanele ube namahloni ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ukucela usizo ngesikhathi akugcini nje ngokuba ukwehluleka, kodwa kungasindisa izimpilo, kuvimbele ukwehla okuqhubekayo, futhi kuvumele ukuguga okwanelisayo.
Izimpendulo zezikhungo kanye nezinqubomgomo zempilo yengqondo
Emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlangano ezifana ne-WHO zikhuthaze amasu omhlaba wonke okubhekana nezidingo zempilo yengqondo ekugugeni. Phakathi kwalezi, i -Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030 iyagqama , isinyathelo esihlose ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu asebekhulile, imindeni yabo, kanye nemiphakathi ngokusebenzisa isenzo esihlanganisiwe emazweni ahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030 ikhuthaza ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kokunakekelwa kwempilo yengqondo kubo bonke abantu, okuhlanganisa nabantu abadala ngokusobala. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, amathuluzi anjenge- Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) ayathuthukiswa , anikeza izinqubo zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini ukuze ochwepheshe abangebona ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuhlola nokwelapha izifo zengqondo ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kanye ne-dementia.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, kwaklanywa izinto ezithile ukusiza abantu abadala ukuvikela inhlalakahle yabo engokomzwelo ezimweni ezikude , njengeziqondiso ezinemifanekiso, izincomo ezilula zokuhlala uxhumene, kanye nesiqondiso sabanakekeli. Izixazululo ezifana ne-telehealth kanye nokungenelela kwengqondo okufushane, okungandiswa nakho kuye kwaduma.
Ngokwesimo saseSpain, izinhlelo ezifana ne- Mental Health Action Plan 2022-2024 sezisunguliwe , ezihlanganisa izinyathelo zokukhushulwa, ukuvimbela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokufinyelela ekunakekelweni, kanti nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa iqalisiwe ukulwa nobandlululo, ukwenza ukuzibulala kwabantu abadala kubonakale futhi kukhuthaze abantu ukuthi bakhulume ngokukhululekile ngalezi zinkinga.
Noma kunjalo, imibiko ehlukahlukene igcizelela ukuthi izinsizakalo zabantu asebekhulile azinazo izinsiza ezanele maqondana nokusekelwa kwengqondo , kokubili ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya nasezindaweni zokuhlala, eziyinhloko, kanye nasezibhedlela. Lokhu kuntuleka kokusekelwa okukhethekile kungabangela ukwanda kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ukwehla kwenhlalakahle, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ephansi kubantu abasengozini kakade.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa ukuqwashisa ngomphakathi, ukunciphisa ukucwaswa, nokwandisa izinsizakusebenza zabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo ezibekelwe impilo yengqondo yabantu abadala. Ukudala izindawo lapho balalelwa khona, baziswa, futhi banakekelwe kuzo zonke izici zabo kubalulekile ukuze bakhule ngesithunzi, ukuzimela, kanye nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila.
