I-Yerba mate , uphawu lwansuku zonke emakhaya ayizigidi kulo lonke elaseSouthern Cone, sekuyisikhathi eside ingasasetshenziswa njengesiko e-Argentina, e-Uruguay, noma eParaguay. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuba khona kwayo kuye kwanda eYurophu nase-United States , hhayi nje kuphela njengokufakwa kwendabuko kodwa futhi njengesithako seziphuzo zamandla, imikhiqizo esebenzayo, ngisho nanjengesihloko sezifundo zesayensi emkhakheni wezempilo.
Kanye nokwanda kwayo kwezentengiselwano, lesi siphuzo siqala ukusabalala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kusukela edolobheni elincane eCalabria, e-Italy , lapho i-mate ibilokhu iyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kuya ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezihlaziya ukuthi ama-compounds ayo angathinta kanjani izinqubo zokuvuvukala kanye ne-oxidative. Konke lokhu kudweba isithombe lapho i-yerba mate iqala ukubonakala njengomkhiqizo womhlaba wonke.
I-Lungro: “inhloko-dolobha yaseYurophu yomlingani” eningizimu ye-Italy
Ezintabeni zaseCalabria , eningizimu ye-Italy, kukhona iLungro, idolobha elinabantu abangaba ngu-2.500 elithole igama lesidlaliso elithi "inhloko-dolobha yaseYurophu yomndeni ." Lapho, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kube yingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke iminyaka engaba ngu-150, yize kungekho umphakathi wase-Argentina ohlala njalo ohlala lapho olethe lesi siko ngqo.
Incazelo itholakala emlandweni wokufuduka kwedolobha . ILungro inezimpande zase-Albania, futhi ingxenye enkulu yabantu bayo ingeyomphakathi wase-Arbëreshë, inzalo yalabo abafika bevela e-Albania emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izakhamuzi eziningi zathuthela eNingizimu Melika , kuhlanganise ne-Argentina, futhi kamuva zabuya, ziphethe isiko lokwabelana ngomlingani, abasifunda ngesikhathi sabo esifundeni saseRío de la Plata.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-mate yahlanganiswa kakhulu nobuntu bendawo kangangokuthi isaqhubeka nanamuhla ngaphandle kwesidingo somphakathi wase-Argentina ukuze uyisekele. Lo mkhuba ungowasendaweni kuphela : ulungiselelwa ekhaya, ngokuvamile nge-kettle emlilweni, futhi wabelwe ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwasekuseni noma emibuthanweni yomndeni, okuhluke kakhulu esithombeni se-thermos ngaphansi kwengalo yomuntu esivame kakhulu e-Argentina noma e-Uruguay.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi, eLungro, ama-thermose awasetshenziswa kakhulu . Amanzi agcinwa eshisa esitofini futhi athelwa ngqo ku-mate gourd, njengoba kwakunjalo emindenini eminingi yaseRío de la Plata. Lesi siphuzo sivame ukuba noshukela , futhi emakhaya amaningi, silungiswa ngobisi, into ejabulisa kakhulu izingane, ezithola ukunambitheka kwe-sweet mate nobisi njengohlobo lwesidlo esifudumele.
Ngale kwendlela yokupheka, izakhamuzi zendawo zigcizelela indima yomngane njengomuntu ohlanganisa umphakathi . Ngezinyanga ezibandayo, imindeni ivame ukuhlangana eduze kwesithando somlilo nesigaxa esiphakathi nendawo ukuxoxa, ukwabelana ngezindaba, nokuqinisa izibopho phakathi kwezizukulwane, besebenzisa lesi siphuzo njengesizathu sokuhlala isikhathi eside ngemva kokudla.
Umkhosi, i-mate academy, kanye ne-yerba mate yokuqala "eyenziwe eYurophu"
Uthando lukaLungros nge-mate lubangele uMkhosi we-Mate ogujwa iminyaka engaba yishumi nambili futhi oguqula imigwaqo emincane yesikhungo somlando ibe yikona elinomoya wase-Argentina: kudlalwa izingoma ngesiSpanishi, kunemibukiso ye-tango kanye nezinganekwane, futhi akukho ukushoda kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile efana nama-choripane.
Ithonya eliyinhloko elibangela lo mkhosi ngu- Ana Stratigò , umongameli we-Mate Academy okuthiwa yi-Mate. Kuye, lokhu kuxutshwa kuhlobene kakhulu nenkumbulo yomndeni . Ulandisa ukuthi izindaba eziningi namasiko avela ekhaya lakhe ngabe alahlekile ukube azizange zihlotshaniswe nalezo zingxoxo ezinde ezihambisana nomngane eduze komlilo, okwamholela ekuguquleni isiphuzo sibe uphawu lokukhumbula nokuqhubeka.
Lo mkhosi ubanjwa ngomhlaka-1 Agasti, usuku olukhethwe ngu-Ana ngoba usuku unina ashona ngalo. Ngale ndlela, lo mkhosi usebenza njengophawu lomuntu siqu, kodwa futhi njengokwazisa konke okuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe ngomngane wakhe . Indaba yedolobha ngokwayo isakazeke ngenxa yengoma enikelwe ekufakweni, eyabhalwa ngu-Ana nonina, eyasiza ekuvezeni indaba kaLungro ngaphandle kwe-Italy.
Ukuhluka kwaleli kona laseCalabria kwadonsa ukunaka kwabahambi kanye nabantu abaxhumana nabo ababelane ngolwazi lwabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nasezindaweni ezahlukene zezindaba, kwaze kwafinyelela ngisho nakuPapa Francis , u-Ana athi wabelane naye ngomngane, okwaqinisa kakhulu umbono wamazwe ngamazwe waleli dolobhana lasezintabeni elihlobene nesiko laseRio de la Plata.
Ukuxhumana kwezenhlalo kunamandla kangangokuthi, ngaphezu kwemikhosi yaminyaka yonke equkethe ukudla kwase-Argentina , kuthathwe isinyathelo esengeziwe muva nje: I-Lungro isiqalile ukutshala nokuvuna i-yerba mate ezweni layo okokuqala. Ngalokhu, ifisa ukuba yidolobha lokuqala eYurophu lapho i-yerba mate yayo ivela khona ngokuphelele emasimini ayo, ingqophamlando eqinisa isibopho sayo nokufakwa kwayo.
I-Yerba mate eYurophu nase-United States: kusukela ku-gourde kuya eziphuzweni ezisebenzayo
Nakuba amadolobha afana neLungro amukela i-mate ngesiko, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba i-yerba mate iyanda ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu. E- United States , isibonelo, ingxenye ekhulayo yokusetshenziswa ayiveli ngendlela yokupakisha kwendabuko, kodwa njenge- extract egxilile esetshenziswa eziphuzweni zamandla kanye nemikhiqizo esebenzayo.
Kulesi simo, kuye kwavela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinkampani zase-Argentina nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezikhethekile. Inkampani eseCórdoba izibeke njengomhlinzeki wezinto eziphilayo ze-yerba mate extracts zenkampani yase-US enendawo enkulu engxenyeni yeziphuzo ezisebenzayo esekelwe kulesi sitshalo. Izivumelwano zokuqala ziholele eku-odeni amashumi amatani ezinto ezikhishwe, kanye nokubikezelwa kokuphindaphinda lelo nani izikhathi eziningana eminyakeni embalwa.
Le nqubo akuyona nje indaba yokuthumela izinto zokusetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe; idinga ukuvumelanisa ukukhiqizwa nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifunwayo zekhwalithi, ukulandeleka, kanye nesitifiketi. Ukuze kutholakale ukufinyelela okuzinzile emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, isitshalo saseCórdoba kwadingeka sivumelanise uhlelo lwaso nemithethonqubo efana nezitifiketi zezinto eziphilayo, izitifiketi zokuhweba okufanelekile, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwe-FDA , phakathi kwezinye izidingo eziqondene nomkhakha wokudla e-United States.
Kule nqubo, i-yerba mate iguqulwa ibe yimpuphu noma i-dry extract, enezinhlobo ezithile ze -caffeine nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe , okwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwayo eziphuzweni ezilungele ukuphuza, izingxube zamandla, kanye neminye imikhiqizo egxile empilweni ethengiswa eNyakatho Melika nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngale ndlela, i-mate ihlanganiswa nezwe leziphuzo ezisebenzayo , indawo ekhulayo efuna izithako zemvelo ezinemiphumela ethile yomzimba.
Lolu hlobo lwentuthuko yezimboni luvula ithuba lokuthi abathengi baseYurophu nabaseMelika babone i-yerba mate hhayi nge-bombilla (utshani bensimbi) kanye ne-gourd, kodwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile kulezo zimakethe, njengeziphuzo ezibandayo ezisemathinini, izithasiselo, noma izingxube zempuphu . Embonini ye-yerba mate, lokhu kumelela ithuba lokushintshashintsha ukusetshenziswa futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufakwe inani ngocwaningo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kumkhiqizo wendabuko.
Lokho okushiwo yisayensi: i-yerba mate kanye nempilo yomlomo
Intshisekelo ekhulayo yomhlaba wonke ku-yerba mate ihambisana nokunakwa okwandisiwe okuvela emphakathini wesayensi. Izifundo eziningana seziqalile ukuphenya ukuthi amakhemikhali asebenzayo akhona esitshalweni angathonya kanjani izinqubo ezahlukene zomzimba, ngale kwezakhiwo zawo ezivuselelayo ezaziwayo. Olunye ucwaningo lwamuva lugxile endimeni yalo engaba khona ku- apical periodontitis , isifo sokuvuvukala esithinta izicubu ezizungeze isihloko sempande yezinyo.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini le-endodontics lamazwe ngamazwe luhlaziye imiphumela ye-yerba mate kumamodeli elebhu kanye nezilwane ezinalolu hlobo lwesilonda. Ezivivinyweni, ukuphathwa kokufakwa kwahlotshaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwamandla e-antioxidant e-plasma kanye nokwehla kwezimpawu ezithile ezihlobene nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative egazini, into ebhekwa njengebalulekile ekugcinweni kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala.
Abacwaningi baphinde basebenza namaseli amazinyo abantu akhuliswe kahle atholakale kuma-extract e-yerba mate. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, amaseli agcina amandla awo okuphila futhi abonise amazinga aphansi ama-molecule ahlobene nokusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nomonakalo we-pulp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali ezihlobene nokubhujiswa kwezicubu zamathambo kanye nokuvuvukala zibonakala ziguquliwe kahle lapho izingxenye zokufakwa zifakwa endaweni yokukhulisa izitshalo.
Kumamodeli ezilwane asetshenzisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-yerba mate kwakuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi ophansi wamaseli abangela ukonakala kwethambo elizungeze izinyo kanye nezimpawu zokuvuvukala okunciphile endaweni yempande. Lokhu okutholakele kuhunyushwa njengobufakazi bomphumela ongaba khona we-antioxidant kanye nowokulwa nokuvuvukala kwamakhemikhali athile esitshalweni, okungenani ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezilawulwayo.
Abalobi bocwaningo baqaphile kakhulu ekuhumusheni le miphumela ibe ngamagama asebenzayo. Bagcizelela ukuthi akukho mthamo noma indlela ethile yokusetshenziswa echazwe enganconywa kubantu, nokuthi ukuhlolwa ezilwaneni noma emasikweni amaseli akwanele ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuphuza i-yerba mate kuvikela kulesi sifo samazinyo. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo kubantu, ngokulandelwa kwesikhathi eside, kuzodingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezingaba khona, ubukhulu bazo bangempela, kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona.
Phakathi kwesiko kanye nekusasa lomhlaba wonke le-yerba mate
Uhambo lwe-yerba mate lubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ohlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphila kwansuku zonke esifundeni saseRío de la Plata ungathola kanjani izingqimba ezintsha zencazelo nokusetshenziswa. Kusukela edolobhaneni lase-Italy eliye lawamukela kuya ezitshalweni zezimboni eziwuguqula ube yizicucu zeziphuzo ezisebenzayo, kanye nokufaka amalabhorethri ahlaziya imiphumela yawo yemvelo , ukuminyana kuhamba ngokulinganisela okuqhubekayo phakathi kwesiko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimanje.
EYurophu, naseSpain ikakhulukazi, i-yerba mate ivele kakhulu ezitolo ezikhethekile, ezitolo ezinkulu, kanye namamenyu ekhefi, kokubili njenge- yerba mate epakishiwe kanye nasemikhiqizweni elungele ukuphuza enesithombe esixhunywe emikhiqizweni "yemvelo" noma "enika amandla". Inselele yochungechunge lokukhiqiza ilele ekuhlanganiseni lokhu kuba khona ngenkathi uhlala uqaphela ukuthi lokhu kuyimakethe edingayo maqondana nokuphepha kokudla, ukucaca, kanye nobufakazi besayensi lapho izimfanelo zempilo zihlotshaniswa nokudla noma isiphuzo.
Kusukela ku-gourde ekwabelwana ngayo eduze kwesithando somlilo eLungro, kuya kumaphakheji afika ezitolo zaseYurophu naseMelika, kanye nezifundo ezishicilelwe komagazini besayensi, i-yerba mate iziveza njengomkhiqizo onobunjalo obuqinile bamasiko futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, inendawo yokuqhubeka nokukhula ngale kwendawo yayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphuzwa edolobhaneni lase-Italy elisezintabeni, egumbini lokuphumula laseMadrid, noma elabhorethri yaseyunivesithi kukhuluma kakhulu ngendlela isiko lendawo elingayithola ngayo indawo yalo ezweni elixhumene kakhulu.
