Ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwavuselela impikiswano mayelana nokudla kwemifino kanye nengozi yomdlavuza . Kunokuba inikeze impendulo elula, idatha ikhomba isithombe esinezinzuzo ezicacile ngokumelene nezinye izimila ezivame kakhulu, kodwa futhi nezingozi ezingaba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Lolu cwaningo, oluhlanganiswe yi- Cancer Epidemiology Unit eNyuvesi yase-Oxford futhi oluxhaswe yi-World Cancer Research Fund, lulandele impilo yabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-1,8 eYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia iminyaka eyi-16 ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokuqhathanisa abantu abadla inyama njalo nalabo abalandela ukudla okudla imifino, i-vegan, i-pescatarian, noma inkukhu kuphela, lolu cwaningo luvumele abacwaningi ukuthi babhale ngokunembile ukuthi la maphethini okudla ahlobene kanjani nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezingu-17 ezahlukene zomdlavuza.
Ucwaningo olukhulu olungakaze lubonwe mayelana nokudla kanye nomdlavuza
Ngokusho kwababhali, lolu ucwaningo olukhulu kakhulu olwenziwe kuze kube manje mayelana nokudla okungenanyama kanye nengozi yomdlavuza . Sekukonke, idatha evela kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,64 abadla inyama, abantu abangu-57.016 abadle inyama yenkukhu kuphela, abantu abangu-42.910 abadla inyama, abantu abangama-63.147 abadla imifino, kanye nabantu abangama-vegan abangu-8.849 ihlaziywe, bevela emazweni afana ne-United Kingdom, i-United States, i-India, ne-Taiwan.
Ngesikhathi sokulandelela, esathatha isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-16 , kwaqoshwa ukuxilongwa komdlavuza okungaphezu kuka-220.000. Lokhu kwanika abacwaningi isikhathi esanele sokuhlola ukwanda kwamathumba endleleni yokugaya ukudla, emaphashini, ohlelweni lokuzala, endleleni yomchamo, kanye nasemidlavuzeni yegazi , phakathi kwezinye.
Okutholwe okubalulekile kulolu cwaningo ukuthi iningi labahlanganyeli, okuhlanganisa nalabo abadle inyama, balandela amaphethini okudla anempilo . Ngamanye amazwi, babengebona abathengi abakhulu benyama ecutshunguliwe njengesoseji noma ibhekoni, imikhiqizo i-World Health Organization eyibeke njengezinto ezibangela umdlavuza zeQembu 1 eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule, ibabeka ezingeni elifanayo lobufakazi njengogwayi, utshwala, noma i-asbestos.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umehluko obonwa phakathi kwamaqembu awuchazwa kuphela ngokuqeda inyama ecutshunguliwe, kodwa ngokuhlanganiswa kokudla okuphelele, okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa inyama ebomvu necutshunguliwe kanye nokwanda kwezithelo, imifino, kanye ne-fiber.
Abantu abadla imifino basengozini encane yokuthola umdlavuza ovamile ohlanu
Okutholakele okubangela izindaba ezinkulu ukuthi abantu abangadli inyama banengozi ephansi kakhulu yezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezivamile zomdlavuza : i-multiple myeloma (isimila segazi), kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreas, i-prostate, ibele, kanye nezinso.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadla inyama, abantu abadla imifino babonise ingozi ephansi ngo-31% ye-multiple myeloma , ingozi ephansi ngo-28% yomdlavuza wezinso, kanye nengozi ephansi ngo-21% yomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yabo yomdlavuza we-prostate yayiphansi ngo-12% kanti ingozi yabo yomdlavuza webele yayiphansi ngo-9% uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadla inyama.
Lezi zimila ezinhlanu zibangela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zokufa komdlavuza emazweni afana ne-UK, ngakho-ke ukwehla kwalesi sibalo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni labantu. Abalobi bagcizelela ukuthi le miphumela yahlala ifana ngemva kokulungisa izici ezifana ne-body mass index, ukubhema, nezinye izici zendlela yokuphila.
Enye incazelo ehlongozwayo ukuthi, ngokuvamile, abantu abadla imifino badla izithelo, imifino, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber , futhi bagwema inyama ecutshunguliwe. Le ndlela ibilokhu ihlotshaniswa iminyaka eminingi nengozi ephansi yezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yomphumela wayo ekuvuvukeni, isisindo somzimba, kanye nendawo yama-hormone.
Uma ukuyeka inyama akuzona zonke izinzuzo: izingozi ziyabonakala
Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo luphinde luveze izindawo lapho ukudla okungenanyama kungaba yingozi enkulu yomdlavuza . Okumangazayo kakhulu yilokho okubonwe kumdlavuza we-colonectal kanye nohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza womphimbo.
Phakathi kwabantu abadla imifino kuphela, kwabonakala ingozi yomdlavuza we-colonectal ekhuphuke ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadla inyama. Bobabili abantu abadla imifino kuphela kanye nabantu abadla imifino kuphela babonise cishe kabili ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell esophageal , uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-esophageal emazweni amaningi.
Abalobi ngokwabo banxusa ukuba kuqashelwe ekuchazeni le miphumela. Endabeni yomdlavuza we-colonectal, inani labantu abangadli inyama eqenjini laliphansi kakhulu, futhi ukuxilongwa kwagxila e-UK nase-US, kanti idatha yokudla kwezinye izimo isukela eminyakeni yawo -80 kanye nawo-90 . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo nezithasiselo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni eziqinisiwe kushintshe kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi baveze imibono eminingana. Enye yayo ikhomba ekudleni okuphansi kwe-calcium emaqenjini abantu abadla imifino kanye nabantu abadla imifino, isakhi esingadlala indima yokuvikela umdlavuza wamathumbu ngokuzibopha kuma-fatty acid nezinye izinto ezingaba yingozi emathunjini.
Indima yezakhamzimba ezibalulekile: i-calcium, amavithamini B, kanye ne-zinc
Kumaqembu ahlaziyiwe, abantu abangadli inyama babene -calcium ephansi kakhulu , kanti isilinganiso sokudla kwansuku zonke sasingu-590 mg, ngaphansi kwezincomo ezisemthethweni zamazwe afana ne-United Kingdom (700 mg ngosuku). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, babene-fiber eningi kakhulu kanye nokuphuza utshwala okuphansi kakhulu, izinto ezimbili ngokuvamile ezibhekwa njengezivikela umdlavuza wamathumbu.
Ngaphezu kwe-calcium, ukushoda okungenzeka kumavithamini e-B, njenge-B12 ne-riboflavin, kanye namaminerali afana ne-zinc kuyaphawulwa . Lokhu kuntuleka kuye kwahlotshaniswa kwezinye izifundo nokwanda kwengozi yezimila emgogodleni nakwezinye izingxenye zomgudu wokugaya ukudla, yize ubufakazi bungenaso isiqiniseko.
Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ukudla kwemifino "okuhlelwe kahle" kanye nokudla kwe-vegan kungaba nempilo futhi kwanele ngokomsoco , kodwa baxwayisa ngokuthi uma imikhiqizo yezilwane ingashintshwa kahle ngeminye imithombo yezakhamzimba, kungase kube nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo okuthinta isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nekhono lomzimba lokulungisa umonakalo wamangqamuzana.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isimo singase sishintshe. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokunye ukudla okuqiniswe nge-calcium, i-vitamin B12, noma ezinye izakhamzimba ezincane kusikisela ukuthi izizukulwane ezintsha zabantu abangadli inyama zingase zingabonisi amaphethini afanayo obungozi njengalabo abahlanganyele kula maqembu omlando. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela isidingo sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokwengezwa kokudla uma kudingeka.
Amanye amaphethini angenanyama: ukudla okudliwa yizinkukhu kanye nabathengi bezinkukhu kuphela
Ukuhlaziywa kwakungagcini nje ngokuqhathanisa abadla imifino nabadla inyama. Ababhali baphinde bafunda ngalokho okwenzekayo kulabo abalandela ukudla okunezinsalela zokudla (okuhlanganisa inhlanzi kodwa hhayi inyama) kanye nabantu abadla inyama yenkukhu kuphela, begwema inyama ebomvu necutshunguliwe.
Abantu abadla inyama enamafutha amancane babonise ingozi ephansi yomdlavuza webele, wezinso, kanye nowamathumbu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadla inyama ebomvu. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ama-fatty acid angagcwele ezinhlanzini, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamafutha agcwele kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe, kungachaza ingxenye yalomphumela wokuvikela.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abantu ababedla inyama yenkukhu kuphela futhi begwema inyama ebomvu nenyama ecutshunguliwe babenezimo ezimbalwa zomdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesilisa. Futhi, iphethini iphakamisa ukuthi ukufaka esikhundleni senyama ebomvu necutshunguliwe ngemithombo yamaprotheni angenawo amafutha kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela engcono kwezinye izimila , ngisho nangaphandle kokudla ukudla kwemifino kuphela.
Uma kubhekwa konke, lokhu okubonwe kusekela umqondo wokuthi ingozi ayixhomekile kuphela "ekudleni noma ekungayidlini inyama," kodwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwenyama , ngobuningi obunjani, kanye nasesimweni sokudla okujwayelekile.
IYurophu nomthwalo womdlavuza: ukudla kungena kuphi?
EYurophu, umdlavuza uyaqhubeka nokuba umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kwezempilo . Izilinganiso zakamuva zikhomba cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,7 abatholakala benegciwane ngonyaka emazweni e-European Union, ukwehla okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa no-2022, kodwa kuseyizibalo eziphakeme kakhulu.
Umdlavuza webele, we-prostate, we-colonectal, kanye nowamaphaphu ubanga cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izimo esifundeni. Umdlavuza uthinta amadoda kancane: cishe ama-54% okuxilongwa okusha kanye nama-56% okufa kwenzeka emadodeni, okugqamisa isidingo samasu okuvimbela ubulili , okuhlanganisa nalawo ahlobene nokudla.
Idatha evela kulolu cwaningo olukhulu ihambisana nezincomo zezinhlangano zaseYurophu nezamazwe ngamazwe eziphikelela ekwamukeleni izithelo, imifino kanye nemifino , okusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nokudla okucebile ngefayibha , ukunciphisa inyama ecutshunguliwe kanye nokunciphisa inyama ebomvu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi imiphumela ivela enanini elilinganiselwe lamazwe kanye namaqembu aqashwe eminyakeni edlule, ngakho-ke akukacaci ukuthi ingahlanganiswa kangakanani kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamanje zokudla kwemifino noma kwe-vegan eYurophu, lapho ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo esekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokudla okuqinisiwe kukhula ngokushesha.
Ikhwalithi yokudla kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu: akuzona zonke ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ezidalwe zilingana
Esinye isixwayiso esiphindaphindwayo ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe bangaphandle ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokudla zemifino ezifanayo . Ukudla kwemifino kungaba ngaphandle kwenyama futhi kucebe ngezithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, namantongomane, noma kungasekelwe kuma-carbohydrate acwengekile kakhulu kanye nemikhiqizo esuselwe ezitshalweni ecutshungulwe kakhulu.
Abanye ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi ukudla kwemifino kanye nokudla kwe-vegan kwamashumi eminyaka adlule kwakuvame ukugxila kakhulu ekudleni okungacutshungulwanga kakhulu, kuyilapho namuhla ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezicutshungulwe kakhulu (ama-burger, amasoseji asekelwe ezitshalweni, ukudla okulula) ziyanda, futhi ubuhlobo bazo nempilo yesikhathi eside busacwaningwa.
Ucwaningo luphawule ukuthi ukudla okungenanyama kuchazwa kakhulu yilokho okukhiphayo kunokuthi yilokho okufakayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu angayeka ukudla inyama kodwa aqhubeke nokudla okungenazo izakhamzimba ezibalulekile uma engakuhleleli kahle ukudla kwakhe noma esebenzisa ngokweqile ukudla okucutshunguliwe, noma ngabe kusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Ngokuphathelene nokuvimbela umdlavuza, ochwepheshe abaxoxisane nabo bayavuma ukuthi okubaluleke kakhulu kufanele kube ukuqhubekela phambili emaphethini okudla "aphezulu ezitshalweni", njengalawo akhuthazwa yiziqondiso ezisemthethweni zaseYurophu, kunokugxila kuphela kwilebula yokudla imifino, i-vegan, noma ukudla inyama.
Uma kubhekwa konke lokhu, ubufakazi obusha buqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu necutshunguliwe kanye nokwandisa ukudla kwezitshalo okune-fiber kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza ovamile eYurophu, ikakhulukazi amabele, i-prostate, izinso, i-pancreatic, kanye nezinye izifo zegazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuxwayisa ngokuthi ukwamukela ukudla kwemifino noma kwe-vegan akuqinisekisi ngokuzenzakalelayo isivikelo: ngaphandle kokuhlela kahle, okuhlanganisa i-calcium eyanele, amavithamini B, i-zinc, kanye neprotheni esezingeni eliphezulu, kungavela izingozi ezengeziwe emathunjini nasemphinjeni. Esikhundleni sokufuna ilebula ephelele, umyalezo oyinhloko ukukhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okuhlukahlukene, okucutshungulwe kancane, okulungiselelwe izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, futhi, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kubuyekezwe ochwepheshe bezempilo.
