Ihlobo eSpain linuka futhi linambitheka njengotamatisi. Hhayi utamatisi ophelele, ongenambitheki ovame ukutholakala ezitolo ezinkulu, kodwa uhlobo olukhuliswa ezingadini zomndeni, uhlobo olugcinwa imbewu yalo unyaka nonyaka, kanye nohlobo oluthi, ngosawoti omncane namafutha, lube yinkanyezi yanoma yikuphi ukudla. Nokho, kulo nyaka, utamatisi awuyona nje inkanyezi ekhishini, kodwa futhi nasendaweni yezolimo yamanje yezwe. Kusukela eCantabria kuya e-AlmerÃa, udlula e-Ibiza naseCórdoba, lo mkhakha ubhekene nesikhathi sokungafani: ngenkathi abanye bezama ukubuyisa izinhlobo zefa ezicishe zilahleke , abanye babhekene nomncintiswano omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesimo sezulu esingapheli.
Ukuhlukahluka kwamatamatisi akhuliswe eSpain kuyamangaza. EGalicia kuphela, iMabegondo Agricultural Research Center ibhalise izinhlobo ezingu-17 zomdabu, njengeNegro de Santiago kanye ne-Azul de Narón. ECórdoba, utamatisi opinki ovela e-Alcolea, ngokubukeka kwawo okushwabene kanye nobukhulu obungajwayelekile, usuyinto yokunethezeka efunwa ngamakhasimende ngisho naseMadrid. EPolanco, eCantabria, uMkhandlu Wedolobha uqalise isinyathelo sokuthola utamatisi onambitheka njengotamatisi , odluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngaphandle kwegama lokuhweba. Zonke lezi zindaba zinokuthile okufanayo: ukubaluleka kwesiko uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
IPolanco, inhloko-dolobha yotamatisi oyigugu
UMkhandlu Wedolobha lasePolanco, ngokubambisana neBhange Lembewu Yamatamatisi iHeirloom, uqalise usesho lomphakathi lokuthola lezo zinhlobo ezikhula ezingadini zomndeni futhi ezivame ukungabi namagama. UMeya uRosa DÃaz uzichaza njengezinto eziyigugu zokupheka ezifanelwe ukulondolozwa. Lesi sinyathelo sizophetha ngo-Agasti 22 no-23 ngoMbukiso Kazwelonke We-Heirloom Tomato wesi-8, lapho kuzobanjelwa khona uMncintiswano Kazwelonke We-Heirloom Tomato ukuze kukhethwe utamatisi ongcono kakhulu eSpain. Ngonyaka odlule, uhlobo oluncane oluvela eZaragoza olwacishe lwanyamalala ngawo-1980 lwawina umklomelo, okufakazela ukuthi usayizi awubalulekile ukuthi ukunambitheka kuyini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo nyaka lo mbukiso wethula isigaba esikhethekile sabahlali basePolanco, ngenhloso yokwenza izingadi zikamasipala zizizwe njengengxenye esebenzayo yomcimbi . IBhange Lembewu aligcini nje ngokugcina imbewu kodwa futhi liyisabalalisa mahhala ukuze lezi zinhlobo ziqhubeke nokutshalwa. Ngoba, njengoba abahleli besikhumbuza, imbewu etshaliwe igcina izinhlobo ziphila, kuyilapho imbewu egciniwe iyigcina kuphela.
Ukushisa kuvuliwe: ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni e-Ibiza
Nakuba inyakatho igubha amasiko ayo, eziQhingini zaseBalearic ukushisa kuyalawula ijubane lokuvuna. U-Iván Colomar, umongameli wenhlangano enkulu yezolimo yase-Ibiza, uchaza ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu ebusuku, kuhlangene nenyanga egcwele ekupheleni kukaJuni, kubangele ukuthi utamatisi uvuthwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile . Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, isivuno senyuke sisuka kumakhilogremu ayi-1.000 saya ku-3.000-4.000. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusheshisa kunezinkinga zako: ukwesaba ukuthi izitshalo zizophela ngaphambi kuka-Agasti, okushiya umkhiqizo omncane engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Ubusuku obungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angama-23 abunikezi impumuzo ezitshalweni, ezidinga ukululama ekushiseni kwasemini. UColomar uxwayisa ngokuthi uma lawa mazinga okushisa eqhubeka, ukukhiqizwa kungancipha ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi , kungathinti utamatisi kuphela kodwa nopelepele kanye namakhabe.
Lesi simo asihlukile. Kulo lonke elaseSpain, abalimi babhekene nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ngenkathi abanye bekhetha ukutshala noma ukufaka inethi yomthunzi, abanye banethemba lokuthi izimvula zasebusika zishiye izindawo ezanele zokugcina. Kodwa ukungaqiniseki kuyindlela evamile.
I-AlmerÃa, inkampani enkulu yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ebhekene nomncintiswano waseMorocco
I-AlmerÃa isivale unyaka wayo wesithathu olandelanayo wokululama ekulinyweni kukatamatisi. Ngokusho kwedatha eyethulwe yi-COEXPHAL, inani lokuthengisa lehle ngo-2% kuphela, amanani akhuphuke ngo-16%, kanti imali engenayo ikhuphuke ngo-13%. Isifundazwe manje sibheka u-66% wokuthunyelwa kukatamatisi waseSpain e-EU nase-UK, kanti utamatisi owodwa kwayisishiyagalolunye othengiswa kulezo zimakethe unelebula le-AlmerÃa. IJalimane isalokhu iyizwe eliyinhloko, kodwa i-UK ibone ukwanda ngo-11% kwenani, ngokwengxenye ngoba abathengi baphinde bathembela emikhiqizweni yaseSpain ngemuva kokuntuleka kokuhlinzekwa ngabanye abahlinzeki.
Kodwa-ke, lo mkhakha awukhululekile. IMorocco kakade inezindawo eziningi zokulima utamatisi kune-AlmerÃa: cishe amahektha ayi-13.000 uma kuqhathaniswa namahektha ayi-8.100 esifundazweni sase-Andalusia. Futhi iphrojekthi eseDakhla, eNtshonalanga Sahara, ihlela ukwengeza amanye amahektha ayi-5.000, isekelwa yizimali zaseYurophu ezingaxhasa amahektha afinyelela ku-17.000 engeziwe. Inkinga yokulebula ayikaxazululwa: iKhomishini yaseYurophu ayikasebenzisi isinqumo seNkantolo Yobulungiswa ye-EU esasidinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kukatamatisi waseSahrawi nowaseMorocco, kanti iPhalamende laseYurophu livumile, ngevoti elilodwa, ifomula evumela ukuthi imvelaphi yangempela ifihlwe . Umkhakha wase-AlmerÃa wesaba ukuthi, uma iBrussels ingathathi sinyathelo, inzuzo yawo yokuncintisana izoba nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Izinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni: utamatisi opinki ovela e-Alcolea kanye notamatisi waseGalician
Nakuba imboni ibheka kwamanye amazwe, utamatisi wendabuko uyachuma ezitolo zezithelo zaseCórdoba naseGalicia. Utamatisi opinki ovela e-Alcolea, onesikhumba esishwabene nobukhulu obukhulu, uthengiswa cishe ngamakhilogremu angu-20 ngosuku uma usesizini. Abathengisi bezithelo baphikelela ukuthi akukho okuqhathaniswa nokunambitheka kwawo nokuthi usawoti omncane yikho konke okudingayo ukuze ube mnandi. EGalicia, utamatisi omnyama ovela eSantiago uthengiswa cishe ngama-euro angu-8 ngekhilogremu, utamatisi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovela eNarón 6, kanye notamatisi wesaladi ovela eCarballo 4. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokusetshenziswa kwalo: olunambitheka kakhulu ludliwa luhlaza, kanti utamatisi weCarballo, uma usuvuthiwe, ulungele ukusebenzisa okusele ezitsheni ezifana ne-gazpacho kanye ne-salmorejo.
Lawa matamatisi awagcini nje ngokuba mnandi emlonyeni, kodwa futhi angumthombo wezakhamzimba. Acebile ngamavithamini A no-C, i-lycopene, kanye nama-antioxidants, anikeza izinzuzo zempilo yenhliziyo kanye nokubona , ngaphezu kokuba nama-calories aphansi futhi anika amanzi amaningi, njengoba isisindo sawo esingaphezu kuka-95% singamanzi. Ochwepheshe basikhumbuza ukuthi, yize kungekho ukudla okukodwa okusebenza izimangaliso, ukufaka utamatisi ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke kuyindlela enempilo, ikakhulukazi uma kuphekwe ngamafutha omnqumo amancane ukuze kumunce kangcono i-lycopene.
ILebrija, injini yezimboni katamatisi eSeville
Esifundazweni saseSeville, i-Las Marismas Cooperative eLebrija ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wokugxila kukatamatisi. Njengoba inesizini yokuvuna ekhiqiza imisebenzi efinyelela ku-300, le cooperative isanda kuvakashelwa yimeya, owagqamisa indima yayo njengenjini yezomnotho kanye nesibonelo sokusungula izinto ezintsha. Umbono walesi sikhathi sonyaka muhle, ngenxa yezibonelelo zesifundazwe nezesifunda ezinciphise ubunzima beminyaka yamuva. Le cooperative izibophezele ekhwalithini nasekuzinzeni, futhi umkhiqizo wayo uthengiswa ezimakethe emhlabeni jikelele.
Utamatisi, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zawo, uhlala uyisisekelo sezolimo zaseSpain. Kusukela ezingadini ezincane ezigcina imbewu izizukulwane kuya ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezihlinzeka ngengxenye yeYurophu, lo mkhakha ubhekene nezinselele zesimo sezulu, ezentengiselwano, kanye nezokulondolozwa. Kodwa uma izehlakalo zamanje zibonisa noma yini, ukuthi utamatisi, lesi sithelo esibonakala silula, ufihla ubunzima obufanele ukuhlolisiswa.
