Ukungezwani nokudla kungenzeka ngisho noma udla inani elincane lokudla okuqukethe i- allergen ethile , okubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala okwaziwa ngokuthi i-allergy . Lokhu kuyimpendulo yamasosha omzimba kumaprotheni , ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, angeke abe yingozi, kodwa kubantu abazwelayo abangela izimpawu zokuqina okuhlukahlukene.
Amantongomane , ubisi , ukolweni, isoya, amaqanda, inhlanzi, igobolondo, kanye namantongomane emithi kungaqukatha izinto ezibangela ukungezwani kokudla ezibhekwa njengezivamile kakhulu, ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umuntu angaba nokungezwani cishe nanoma yikuphi ukudla . Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni kungabangela ukuzwela, yize ukuvama kokungezwani ngakunye kuyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala nendawo.
Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zokungezwani nokudla ukugwema ukuqala ukudla ngokuthuthukisa isu elihle lokuvimbela, okufanele lilandelwe njalo ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela okungalindelekile kokungezwani nokudla . Leli su lihlanganisa konke kusukela ekufundeni amalebula kahle kuya ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nokufundisa imindeni, izikole kanye nemiphakathi.
Kuyini ngempela ukungezwani nokudla futhi kuhluke kanjani ekungabekezelelani?
Ukungezwani nokudla kuwukusabela kwamasosha omzimba okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokudla ukudla okuthile. Ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu lingabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa, ukuvuvukala, izinkinga zokuphefumula noma zokugaya ukudla , kanye nokusabela okunzima okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Ezimweni eziningi, kuhilelekile indlela esetshenziswa yi-antibody ye-IgE , yize kukhona nokungezwani nokudla okubangelwa yi-IgE, okubonakala kakhulu ngezimpawu zokugaya ukudla ezibambezelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabekezeleli ukudla akuhileli amasosha omzimba. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme (njenge- lactase ekungabekezeleli i-lactose), ubuthi bezinto ezithile, noma ukuzwela izithasiselo zokudla . Kulezi zimo, umzimba ngezinye izikhathi ungabekezelela inani elincane lokudla ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu, into engavamile ukwenzeka ku-allergies ebangelwa yi-IgE.
Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile, ngoba esimweni sokungezwani komzimba kwangempela, ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukudla kanye nokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kubalulekile, kanti ezimweni eziningi zokungabekezelelani, inani elidliwayo lingalungiswa noma kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo ekhethekile (isb., imikhiqizo yobisi engenayo i-lactose).
Izimpawu ezivamile kanye nokusabela okungathi sína okufanele ukwazi ngakho
Ukungezwani nokudla kungaba khona ngokushesha (imizuzu kuya emahoreni angaba ngu-2) noma kubambezeleke (amahora ama-2 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokugwinya). Izimpawu ezisheshayo zingasukela kwezincane kuya kwezisongela impilo. Izimpawu ezingatheni kakhulu, ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
- Isikhumba: amaqhubu, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala kwezindebe namehloi-dermatitis.
- Isistimu yokugaya ukudla: ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu be-colicky, isifo sohudo, ukulunywa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni.
- Uhlelo lokuphefumula: i-rhinitis, ukukhwehlela, asma noma ukuphefumula kanzima.
Izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ziqoqwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi anaphylaxis , ukusabela okuvame ukuthinta izitho eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (isikhumba, ukuphefumula, ukugaya ukudla, kanye nezinhlelo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi). Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic , okubonakala ngokwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi okungenzeka. Kudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo nge-adrenaline kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.
Noma ubani otholakale enokungezwani nokudla okuphawulekayo kufanele ahlale ephethe imithi yokutakula enikezwe uchwepheshe wakhe (ngokuvamile i-adrenaline auto-injector), kanye nohlelo lokusebenza olubhaliwe oluchaza ukuthi kufanele lusetshenziswe nini futhi kanjani.
Ukudla okuvame ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba
Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa okunye kuyimbangela yezimo eziningi. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ubisi lwenkomo: Ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu zesikhumba nezokugaya ukudla ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane. Akufanele kudidaniswe nokungabekezelelani ne-lactose.
- Iqanda: Okumhlophe kugxile kakhulu kumaprotheni abangela ukungezwani komzimba (i-ovalbumin ne-ovomucoid).
- Inhlanzi nokudla kwasolwandle: Ukungezwani komzimba kwabo kuvame ukuqhubeka futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube kubi kakhulu; ngisho nezinsalela ezincane zingabangela ukusabela.
- Amantongomane namakinati: zihlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu ye- anaphylaxisKungabangela izimpawu ngobuningi obuncane noma ngokungcoliswa okuxubile.
- Izembe: Ubhontshisi, udali, ubhontshisi, nokunye kungabangela ukusabela; amakinati, nakuba ngokwezitshalo ayimidumba, avame ukuhlanganiswa namakinati ngenxa yesimo sawo sempilo.
- Okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-Gluten: Zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba okusheshayo, okuhlukile kwisifo se-celiac, okuyisifo se-immunological kodwa hhayi i-anaphylactic.
Ezinganeni ezincane, ukungezwani nobisi, amaqanda, kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu kuyanda, kanti ebantwaneni kanye nakubantu abadala, ukungezwani nokudla okuhlobene nezithelo ezintsha, amantongomane, ama-legume, ama-shellfish, kanye nezinongo ezithile kuba yinto evamile , ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-pollens yemvelo.
Amathiphu wokuthuthukisa isu lokungezwani kokudla
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekungezwani nokudla ukuhlanganisa ukuvimbela ukuzwela (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisengozini) nokugwema ngokuqinile izinto ezibangela ukungezwani nokudla ezitholakale. Leli cebo lihilela izinguquko endleleni esithenga ngayo, esipheka ngayo, nesidla ngayo, kokubili ekhaya nalapho sidla ngaphandle.
- Funda amalebula njalo
Uma sithenga ukudla, kufanele sizinike isikhathi sokufunda amalebula ezithako kanye nolwazi lokudla okunempilo ukuze sigweme izinto ezingaba khona ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Kubalulekile ukwazi izingxenye ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zokudla ngakunye; isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ummbila, ngaphezu kwe-kernel uqobo, kufanele siqaphele isitashi sommbila, i-maltodextrin, kanye nesiraphu yommbila , phakathi kwezinye.
Ngokuvamile, uma uhlu lwezithako lude , kulapho amathuba okuba umkhiqizo uqukethe ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba kwakho akhula khona. Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zingavela ngaphansi kwamagama ajwayelekile njengokuthi " izinongo zemvelo ," "izinongo," noma "izilondolozi," ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubuyekeze ngokucophelela ulwazi noma uxhumane nomkhiqizi uma unemibuzo.
Ngokuphathelene nokungezwani nokudla , izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezigxile ku-anaphylaxis zincoma ukuhlola amalebula njalo uma uthenga , njengoba ukwakheka komkhiqizo kungashintsha. Ukubeka phambili ukudla okuphelele nokucutshungulwe kancane, ngenkathi ugwema ukudla okulungiselelwe , kwenza lo msebenzi ube lula kakhulu ngokunciphisa inani lezithako kanye nokwenzeka kwezimpawu ezifihliwe.
Ngaphezu kohlu lwezithako, kubalulekile ukubheka izexwayiso mayelana nokungcoliswa okungenzeka, njengokuthi "kungase kuqukethe...", "kwenziwe emigqeni ephinde icubungule...", noma "imikhondo ye..." Nakuba lezi zexwayiso zingezokuzithandela, abantu abane-allergies enkulu kufanele bagweme imikhiqizo ekhuluma nge-allergen ehilelekile.
– Ukupheka ekhaya
Ukudlela ngaphandle kungaba yinselele enkulu kulabo abanokungezwani nokudla , ngakho-ke ukuze uvimbele ukusabela, kungcono ukuzilungiselela ukudla kwakho ngezithako ezilawulwayo . Ukupheka ekhaya kunciphisa ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene , kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izitsha ezinikezelwe, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise izindlela zokupheka ukuze ufake izithako ezibangela ukungezwani nokudla esikhundleni sazo ngezindlela eziphephile.
Isibonelo, uma ungezwani nobisi futhi udla inhlanzi ebhakiwe noma ethosiwe endaweni yokudlela — ukudla okungase kubonakale kungahlobene nobisi — kufanele wazi ukuthi ezinye izithako ezisetshenziswa ekubhakeni noma ekuthengisweni kwezinhlanzi ezithosiwe zingase zibe nezinto ezisuselwe kubisi (njengobisi oluyimpuphu, i-whey, noma ushizi owomile). Lokhu kungabangela ukusabela okungalindelekile okungabeka impilo yakho engozini.
Ekhaya, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha amabhodi okusika athile, imimese, nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokulungiselela ukudla okungenazo izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokuhlanza kahle izindawo, iziponji, nezindwangu. Kunconywa futhi ukupheka ukudla komuntu onesifo sokungezwani komzimba kuqala ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthintana nokudla okusele okunenkinga.
Isithombe: MF
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo, iziqondiso eziningi zokungezwani komzimba zincoma ukuthi abantu abane-allergies enzima baphathe " ikhadi lompheki " noma idokhumenti efanayo echaza ngokucacile ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele bakugweme. Leli thuluzi liwusizo kakhulu lapho udla ezindaweni zokudlela, ezindaweni zokudlela zesikole, noma ngenkathi usohambweni.
Ukuvimbela isikhathi eside kanye nendima yochwepheshe bezempilo
Ukuvimbela ukungezwani nokudla kahle kuqala ebuntwaneni. Ezinganeni ezinomlando womndeni we- asthma , i-rhinitis , noma i-atopic dermatitis , udokotela wezingane noma udokotela we-allergy angacabangela amasu anjengokwethula ngokucophelela nangokushesha ukudla okungase kube nokungezwani nokudla (iqanda, amakinati , amantongomane emithi, inhlanzi), ukulandela njalo izincomo zesayensi zamanje nokuzivumelanisa nephrofayili yengozi yengane ngayinye.
Kwabanye abantu abasengozini enkulu, ngaphezu kwezindlela zokudla, kugxilwa kakhulu ezicini zendlela yokuphila njengokuncelisa , ukulawula izifo zokuphefumula, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi , kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yasekhaya (umswakama, umoya opholile, ukuba khona kwezibungu zothuli nezilwane ezifuywayo). Zonke lezi zinto zingalawula impendulo yomzimba kanye namathuba okuba nomdlavuza.
Ukungezwani komzimba okukhona kudinga ukuqapha njalo ukuhlola ukubekezelelana okungenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (okuvamile ku-allergies yobisi noma yamaqanda ebuntwaneni) kanye nokuvuselela uhlelo lokuphatha . Ezikhungweni ezithile, izinqubo ezifana nokungeniswa kokubekezelelana ngomlomo ngaphansi kokuqashwa okukhethekile zinganconywa. Le ndlela ihlose ukujwayela kancane kancane umzimba ukudla okuncane ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhali bokusabela noma kufinyelele ukubekezelelana kokusebenza.
Isihluthulelo sokuphila nokungezwani nokudla ngaphandle kokudela impilo egcwele ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluthembekile, ukuhlela, kanye nokuxhumana nalabo abakuzungezile. Ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, ukwazi ukuthi ungasabela kanjani ekungezwani nokudla, ukufunda njalo amalebula, nokugcina ubuhlobo obuseduze nochwepheshe bezempilo kuyizinto ezenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphepheni nasezingeni lempilo kubantu abanokungezwani nokudla kanye nemindeni yabo.
