Abanye bathi ama-ham ase-Iberia alula ukuwahlukanisa uma uwabuka kuqala . Asiqiniseki kangako, njengoba i-ham ye-Gran Reserva Serrano esezingeni eliphezulu ingabukeka ifana kakhulu ne-ham yase-Iberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zase-Central Europe zinezimpawu eziningi zesimo semvelo nezinhlobo zethu zase-Iberia, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuzihlukanisa ngokubona.
Futhi, njengokungathi lokho akwanele, akufanele sithembele embala wezinselo : kukhona izingulube zase-Iberia ezingenazo izinselo ezimnyama, futhi kukhona nezingulube zohlobo oluvamile ezinezinselo ezimnyama.
Ngakho konke lokhu etafuleni, sikukhuthaza ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ukuze ubone i-ham yase-Iberia esitolo esithambile noma esitolo esikhulu, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani uma isivele isikiwe etafuleni.
Izinhlobo ze-ham yase-Iberia kanye ne-Serrano ham
Ngaphambi kokuqala, ake sicacise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-ham esingazithola ezitolo nasezitolo ezinkulu:
- I-Iberian acorn-feed ham: Ama-hams avela ezingulubeni zase-Iberia ezikhuliswa ngokukhululeka emadlelweni. Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuyimvelo eyi-100% futhi kuhlanganisa izimpande, amakhambi, izithelo, amajikijolo futhi, yiqiniso, ama-acorns.
- I-Iberian cebo de campo ham (ebizwa nangokuthi i-recebo): Ziyimilenze yezingulube zase-Iberia ezikhuliswe ngaphansi kombuso wenkululeko. Ukudla kuhlanganisa isikhathi esisekelwe emifino kanye nama-acorns kanye nesinye esisekelwe ekudleni okukhethiwe kwemvelo.
- I-bait yase-Iberia: I-ham ivela ohlotsheni olufanayo. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi, nakuba bekhuliswe ngokukhululeka okuyingxenye, iningi labo lokudla liqukethe ukudla kwemvelo okukhethwe kakhulu.
- I-Serrano ham: Ingulube ivela kwenye yezinhlobo eziningi zengulube evamile. Ngokuvamile ziphakelwa ukudla, nakuba ukudla kwazo kungase kuhlanganise okusanhlamvu. Ngaphambi kokuthi idayiswe, ingulube kufanele yelashwe isikhathi esincane esiyizinyanga eziyi-10.
- I-Serrano ham reserve: Ihlukaniswa nedlule ngoba isikhathi sayo sokuphulukisa siyizinyanga eziyi-12-15.
- I-Gran Reserva Serrano Ham: Kulokhu, umlenze we-serrano ham kufanele welashwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-15.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-ham yase-Iberia ne-Serrano ham ezitolo nasezitolo ezinkulu
Ukubukeka kwayo kwangaphandle noma umbala wezinselo zayo ngeke kukutshele. Okuwukuphela kwento ethembekile kungaba iphunga layo: iphunga le-ham yase-Iberia limnandi futhi linamandla kunele-ham yase-Serrano, kodwa ngisho nochwepheshe angase angabaze lapho ebhekene nephunga elimnandi le-ham yase-Gran Reserva Serrano esezingeni eliphezulu, elashwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Indlela ewukuphela kwayo ewusizo nengenaphutha yokuhlukanisa i-ham eyodwa kwenye ngokubuka nje ukubheka umbala we-tag yayo noma ukufunda ngokucophelela ilebula . I-tag iyingcezu encane yepulasitiki efakwe i-ham yase-Iberia ngaphansi kwenselo.
Umbala wetomu osinika inkomba yokwazi ukuthi i-ham ingeyase-Iberia noma cha, futhi, uma kunjalo, ukwazi ukuthi ingeyasiphi isigaba:
- I-Black flange: i-acorn-feed ham kusuka ku-100% yengulube yase-Iberia
- I-flange ebomvu noma ilebula: i-acorn-feed ham evela ku-50% noma 75% wesilwane sohlobo lwase-Iberia
- I-flange eluhlaza: i-field bait/recebo ham evela engulubeni engu-50%, 75% noma 100% wase-Iberia.
- I-flange emhlophe: i-bait ham evela engulubeni engu-50%, i-75% noma i-100% yase-Iberia.
I-flange yombala eyisibopho kuma-hams ase-Iberia ibekwe yimithetho yaseSpain. Ngakho-ke uma i-ham ingenayo i-flange emnyama, ebomvu, eluhlaza noma emhlophe eboshwe ngaphansi kwesipikili, kungenxa yokuthi ayihlangabezani nazo zonke izidingo zokuhlukaniswa njenge-ham yase-Iberia.
Kulokhu, uma sibheka ama-ham okufanele siwathenge, kunesinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe:
- I-flange yombala wegolide: Kuyi-ham ephuma ku-50%, 75% noma 100% yengulube yohlobo lwase-Iberia, kodwa ukuzala kwayo kungazange kuhlangabezane nanoma yiziphi izidingo ze-ham etholwe ukuze ifakwe kusigaba se-Iberian ham.
Futhi ukwazi kanjani kahle izinga lokuhlanzeka kobuhlanga kwesilwane okuvela kuso i-ham yase-Iberia? Kulula: lolu lwazi kufanele lucaciswe ngephrosesa yenyama, ngokuphoqelekile, kulebula le-ham.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, nakuba abakhiqizi be-Serrano ham bengadingeki ukuthi babambe imilenze yabo, kukhona futhi i-clamp yalolu hlobo lwezicucu:
- I-Blue flange: kufakazela ukuthi, nakuba ingulube ingeyona i-Iberia, imvelaphi yaseSpain nokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ham ihlanganisa okungenani izinyanga ezingu-12 zokuphulukisa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile.
Esimweni lapho umkhiqizi we-ham engahambisani nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezishiwo ngenhla futhi enquma ngokuzithandela ukubopha imikhiqizo yakhe, angenza kanjalo. Kodwa njalo ukusebenzisa ithoni engaholeli ekudidekeni kumthengi wokugcina: ukusetshenziswa kwama-flange okungase kudideke umthengi kuyisenzo esijeziswayo.
Uma sihlangana ne-ham, isibonelo, isiliva, sihlala sikhumbula ukuthi iwuphawu injongo yalo iwukuthuthukisa ubuhle bocezu, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi indinganiso yekhwalithi. .
Umehluko phakathi kwe-ham yase-Iberia ne-Serrano ham
Futhi manje njengoba sesikwazi ukuhlukanisa, ngemizuzwana nje, hlobo luni lwe-ham esinalo phambi kwamehlo ethu, ake sazi ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zengulube nezinhlobo ze-ham zihluke kanjani ngempela:
I-morphology yezilwane
Ingulube yase-Iberia ibonakala ngokuthi:
- Ikhala elincane nelicijile
- Izindlebe ku-visor
- Umbala wezinwele omnyama kakhulu noma omnyama
- Imilenze enesitayela nencane ezansi
- Izinselo ezimnyama noma ezimnyama kakhulu (hhayi njalo)
- Imisipha enokungeniswa kwamafutha amaningi
Ngokwengxenye yabo, izinhlobo zezingulube ezivamile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-charcuterie zibonakala ngokuthi:
- Ikhala elifushane nelibanzi
- Izindlebe ezithambile
- Umbala opinki noma okhanyayo kakhulu
- Imilenze imifishane futhi iminyene ngezansi
- Izinselo ezinombala okhanyayo (hhayi njalo)
- Imisipha engenawo amafutha amancane
Imvelaphi nendawo yokuzalela isilwane
Ama-ham ase-Iberia angavela kuphela ezilwaneni zohlobo lwase-Iberia . Ukuze afaneleke kanjalo, abazali bezingulube kumele babhaliswe encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Iberian Pig Genealogical Book, irejista enhloso yayo ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa nokuqinisekisa, ngokuthembeka okungu-100%, ubumsulwa bohlobo lwalezi zilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izilwane kumele ukuthi zazifuywe futhi zakhuluphaliswa endaweni yaseSpain noma yasePortugal . Ngakho-ke ungamangali uma uhlangana ne-ham yase-Iberia evela ezweni elingumakhelwane: uma inethegi elihambisanayo lokuhlonza, kungenxa yokuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi kanye nemvelaphi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, azikho imikhawulo yohlobo noma imvelaphi yama-ham e-Serrano . Iningi lawo litholakala ezinhlotsheni zengulube evamile: i-Duroc, i-Large White, i-Landrace , kanye ne-Pietrain. Izilwane kungenzeka ukuthi zakhuliswa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe-Spain.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngoba azifuni ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekukhuluphaleni. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukufeza isisindo sabo esihle, ngisho nalapho ukudla akukhethiwe ngokukhethekile.
Uhlobo lomsoco
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-ham yase-Iberia ofuna ukuyikhiqiza, yimikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala kuphela esetshenziswa ekudleni kwezingulube zase-Iberia:
- ama-acorns
- Izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa
- izithelo namajikijolo
- Amakhambi
- Izitshalo
- Okuphakelayo okukhethiwe okwenziwe ngezithako zemvelo
Ngokwengxenye yabo, kunezingulube ezivamile eziphinde zondliwe ngemikhiqizo yemvelo nekhethiwe, into ephawulekayo kwikhwalithi yokugcina ye-ham, njengoba kunjalo nesigaba esiphezulu se-Gran Reserva Serrano hams. Kodwa zingaphakelwa kuphela ngokuphakelayo.
Inqubo yokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-ham yase-Iberia kwenziwa njalo ezindaweni zokugcina izitsha noma ezindaweni lapho izimo zemvelo zilungele khona inqubo yokwelashwa ukuthi yenzeke kancane kancane futhi ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-ham e-Serrano angalashwa kokubili ezindaweni zokugcina izitsha kanye nezindawo zokomisa zezimboni. Kokugcina, imishini isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umswakama ozungezile kanye namafeni ukusheshisa inqubo yokomisa , okuholela ekunciphiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izici ze-Organoleptic
Futhi sinquma kanjani ukuthi ipuleti elimnandi le-ham esikiwe liyi-Iberian ngempela noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, othile efuna ukusinika isikhathi esinzima futhi i-Serrano ham yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu?
Yebo, iqiniso liwukuthi umbala wemikhiqizo yomibili uyafana, uthatha lonke uhla lwama-shades asuka kumathoni apinki ukuya kumathoni a-maroon amnyama kakhulu.
Umehluko oyisisekelo ukungena kwamafutha: Ama-ham ase-Iberia anenyama egcwele imicu emincane kakhulu yamafutha.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthungwa kwe-serrano kufana kakhulu, inyama idlula ukungena kwamafutha.
Yiyo kanye le marbling enikeza i-Iberian ham ukunambitheka okunamandla, okumnandi, nokuhlala isikhathi eside kunomzala wayo, i-Serrano ham . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-marbling yenza kube lula ukuyihlafuna nokugwinya, okuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngephunga: uma siphefumula iphunga elimnandi elisikisela i-ham yase-Iberian esanda kusikwa kanye ne-ham yase-Serrano, sizobona ukuthi elokuqala linamandla kakhulu futhi liyasibekela.
Intengo
Nakuba ukukhuluma ngalesi sici kungase kubonakale kusobala, akunjalo. Izindleko ezihambisana nokukhiqiza i-Iberian ham zihlala ziphakeme kakhulu kuneze-Serrano ham , into ebonakala emananini okugcina emikhiqizo yenyama yomibili.
Ngakho-ke, masiqaphele lezo hams zase-Iberia ezithengiswa eziteshini zokuthengisa ezingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa yiziphathimandla zezempilo, ngamanani asondelene nalawo e-serrano ham. Ngokunokwenzeka, lawa ama-serrano hams asezingeni elihle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ama-Iberian ham ayiqiniso.
Izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco nama-calories we-ham yase-Iberia kanye ne-Serrano ham
Kulokhu, yomibili imikhiqizo ifana kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa. Eqinisweni, kunezazi eziningi zokudla okunomsoco eziqinisekisa ukuthi isangweji le-ham liwukudla okuthi, uma sikhuluma ngokudla okunempilo, kuphelele ngokuphelele.
Lesi sitatimende singenxa yokuthi siyinhlanganisela okulingana kwayo phakathi kwama-carbohydrate anempilo esinkwa kanye namafutha namaprotheni e-ham cishe kuphelele.
Futhi yini ukwakheka okunomsoco kwama-hams ase-Iberia nama-Serrano hams? Okulandelayo, kuvezwe ngamavelu ayizinkomba:
I-Ham yase-Iberia: ukudla kwe-caloric kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunomsoco
Amanani namaphesenti abonisiwe athathwe ngqo kumalebula e -ham eyondliwe ngommbila yase-Iberia kanye ne -ham egciniwe yaseSerrano , zombili ezikhiqizwe yinkampani efanayo.
Ngokusobala, emakethe ungathola ama-hams anenani lomsoco elihlukile, kuye ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokudla okudlayo.
Ngokuqondile, ukudla amagremu ayi-100 e- ham yase-Iberia ehlolwe kunikeza umzimba cishe ama-kilocalories angu-390 . Inani layo lokudla okunempilo ngamagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo lingokulandelayo:
- Amafutha: amagremu angu-29 (ama-65% awo angamafutha anempilo)
- Amaprotheni: 31 amagremu
- Ama-carbohydrate: 1 g
Usawoti wawo ungama-gramu angu-3,5 ngamagremu angu-100 we-ham.
I-Serrano ham: ukudla kwe-caloric kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunomsoco
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagremu ayi-100 e- ham ye-Serrano ehlaziyiwe anenani lamandla elingama-kilocalories angu-310 futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwezakhamzimba kungokulandelayo:
- Amafutha: 23 amagremu (cishe ama-60% amafutha anempilo)
- Amaprotheni: 32 amagremu
- Ama-carbohydrate: 0,5 amagremu
Usawoti wawo ungamagremu angu-3,6 ngamagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo.
Siphetha ngokunezela ukuthi zombili izinhlobo ze-ham zigcwele amavithamini, amaminerali kanye nezinye izakhamzimba ezibalulekile.
Ngalo mqondo, i-ham yase-Iberia inenzuzo encane kune-Serrano ham: okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-micronutrient kuwumphumela oqondile wekhwalithi yokudla kwesilwane esivela kuso.
Ngamafuphi, i-Iberian ham kanye ne-Serrano ham ziyimithombo emihle kakhulu yamaprotheni, amafutha anempilo, kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile . Okuwukuphela kwenkinga yokudla okunempilo okuqukethwe usawoti kuzo, okulungiswa kalula ngokudla ngendlela efanele.