Kukhona abathi i Ama-hams ase-Iberia ahlukaniseka kalula ekuqaleni. Asicaci kahle ngakho, njengoba i-serrano ham esezingeni eliphezulu premium Ingaba nokubukeka kwangaphandle okufana kakhulu nokwenyama yase-Iberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zase-Central Europe ezabelana ngezici eziningi ze-morphological ngokuhluka kwethu kwe-Iberia, okuyinto kwenza ukuhlukanisa kube nzima nakakhulu iso lenyama.
Futhi, uma lokhu bekungenele, Akufanele futhi sithembe umbala wezinselo.: Kukhona izibonelo zezingulube zase-Iberia ezingenazo izinselo ezimnyama futhi kukhona nezingulube zohlobo ezivamile ezinamanselo amnyama.
Ngakho konke lokhu etafuleni, sikukhuthaza ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ukuze ubone i-ham yase-Iberia esitolo esithambile noma esitolo esikhulu, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani uma isivele isikiwe etafuleni.
Izinhlobo ze-ham yase-Iberia kanye ne-Serrano ham
Ngaphambi kokuqala, ake sicacise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-ham esingazithola ezitolo nasezitolo ezinkulu:
- I-Iberian acorn-feed ham: Ama-hams avela ezingulubeni zase-Iberia ezikhuliswa ngokukhululeka emadlelweni. Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuyimvelo eyi-100% futhi kuhlanganisa izimpande, amakhambi, izithelo, amajikijolo futhi, yiqiniso, ama-acorns.
- I-Iberian cebo de campo ham (ebizwa nangokuthi i-recebo): Ziyimilenze yezingulube zase-Iberia ezikhuliswe ngaphansi kombuso wenkululeko. Ukudla kuhlanganisa isikhathi esisekelwe emifino kanye nama-acorns kanye nesinye esisekelwe ekudleni okukhethiwe kwemvelo.
- I-bait yase-Iberia: I-ham ivela ohlotsheni olufanayo. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi, nakuba bekhuliswe ngokukhululeka okuyingxenye, iningi labo lokudla liqukethe ukudla kwemvelo okukhethwe kakhulu.
- I-Serrano ham: Ingulube ivela kwenye yezinhlobo eziningi zengulube evamile. Ngokuvamile ziphakelwa ukudla, nakuba ukudla kwazo kungase kuhlanganise okusanhlamvu. Ngaphambi kokuthi idayiswe, ingulube kufanele yelashwe isikhathi esincane esiyizinyanga eziyi-10.
- I-Serrano ham reserve: Ihlukaniswa nedlule ngoba isikhathi sayo sokuphulukisa siyizinyanga eziyi-12-15.
- I-Gran Reserva Serrano Ham: Kulokhu, umlenze we-serrano ham kufanele welashwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-15.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-ham yase-Iberia ne-Serrano ham ezitolo nasezitolo ezinkulu
Hhayi-ke, hhayi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwangaphandle noma ngenxa yombala wenselo. Okuwukuphela kwenkomba ethembekile kungaba iphunga layo: amakha e-ham yase-Iberia amnandi futhi angena kakhulu kunalawo eSerrano ham, kodwa ngisho nochwepheshe wayengabaza lapho ebhekene no isixha iphunga elimnandi le-gran Reserva Serrano ham yezinga lokuqala, elaphelwe ngokunakekelwa okukhulu.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo nengenaphutha yokuhlukanisa ihhamu elilodwa kwelinye ngokubuka nje Naka umbala we-flange yakho noma uqhubeke ufunda ngokucophelela ilebula. Itomu liwucezu lwepulasitiki oluncane olwenziwa ngabakwa-Iberia abaqinelwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwenselo.
Umbala wetomu osinika inkomba yokwazi ukuthi i-ham ingeyase-Iberia noma cha, futhi, uma kunjalo, ukwazi ukuthi ingeyasiphi isigaba:
- I-Black flange: i-acorn-feed ham kusuka ku-100% yengulube yase-Iberia
- I-flange ebomvu noma ilebula: i-acorn-feed ham evela ku-50% noma 75% wesilwane sohlobo lwase-Iberia
- I-flange eluhlaza: i-field bait/recebo ham evela engulubeni engu-50%, 75% noma 100% wase-Iberia.
- I-flange emhlophe: i-bait ham evela engulubeni engu-50%, i-75% noma i-100% yase-Iberia.
I-flange yombala eyisibopho kuma-hams ase-Iberia ibekwe yimithetho yaseSpain. Ngakho-ke uma i-ham ingenayo i-flange emnyama, ebomvu, eluhlaza noma emhlophe eboshwe ngaphansi kwesipikili, kungenxa yokuthi ayihlangabezani nazo zonke izidingo zokuhlukaniswa njenge-ham yase-Iberia.
Mayelana nalokhu, lapho siya ku bheka ama-hams ukuthenga Kukhona elinye i-flange okufanele licatshangelwe:
- I-flange yombala wegolide: Kuyi-ham ephuma ku-50%, 75% noma 100% yengulube yohlobo lwase-Iberia, kodwa ukuzala kwayo kungazange kuhlangabezane nanoma yiziphi izidingo ze-ham etholwe ukuze ifakwe kusigaba se-Iberian ham.
Futhi ukwazi kanjani kahle izinga lokuhlanzeka kobuhlanga kwesilwane okuvela kuso i-ham yase-Iberia? Kulula: lolu lwazi kufanele lucaciswe ngephrosesa yenyama, ngokuphoqelekile, kulebula le-ham.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, nakuba abakhiqizi be-Serrano ham bengadingeki ukuthi babambe imilenze yabo, kukhona futhi i-clamp yalolu hlobo lwezicucu:
- I-Blue flange: kufakazela ukuthi, nakuba ingulube ingeyona i-Iberia, imvelaphi yaseSpain nokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ham ihlanganisa okungenani izinyanga ezingu-12 zokuphulukisa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile.
Esimweni lapho umkhiqizi we-ham engahambisani nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezishiwo ngenhla futhi enquma ngokuzithandela ukubopha imikhiqizo yakhe, angenza kanjalo. Kodwa njalo ukusebenzisa ithoni engaholeli ekudidekeni kumthengi wokugcina: ukusetshenziswa kwama-flange okungase kudideke umthengi kuyisenzo esijeziswayo.
Uma sihlangana ne-ham, isibonelo, isiliva, sihlala sikhumbula ukuthi iwuphawu injongo yalo iwukuthuthukisa ubuhle bocezu, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi indinganiso yekhwalithi. .
Umehluko phakathi kwe-ham yase-Iberia ne-Serrano ham
Futhi manje njengoba sesikwazi ukuhlukanisa, ngemizuzwana nje, hlobo luni lwe-ham esinalo phambi kwamehlo ethu, ake sazi ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zengulube nezinhlobo ze-ham zihluke kanjani ngempela:
I-morphology yezilwane
Ingulube yase-Iberia ibonakala ngokuthi:
- Ikhala elincane nelicijile
- Izindlebe ku-visor
- Umbala wezinwele omnyama kakhulu noma omnyama
- Imilenze enesitayela nencane ezansi
- Izinselo ezimnyama noma ezimnyama kakhulu (hhayi njalo)
- Imisipha enokungeniswa kwamafutha amaningi
Ngokwengxenye yabo, izinhlobo zezingulube ezivamile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-charcuterie zibonakala ngokuthi:
- Ikhala elifushane nelibanzi
- Izindlebe ezithambile
- Umbala opinki noma okhanyayo kakhulu
- Imilenze imifishane futhi iminyene ngezansi
- Izinselo ezinombala okhanyayo (hhayi njalo)
- Imisipha engenawo amafutha amancane
Imvelaphi nendawo yokuzalela isilwane
Ama-hams ase-Iberia Zingavela kuphela ezilwaneni zohlobo lwase-Iberia. Ukuze ujabulele lokhu kucatshangelwa, abazali bezingulube kumele babhaliswe ngaphambilini kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Herd Book of the Iberian Pig, indawo yokubhalisa inhloso yayo ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa nokuqinisekisa, ngokuthembeka okungu-100%, izinga lokuhlanzeka kohlobo lwezingulube. Lezi zilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izilwane kumele ngabe zazikhona akhuliswe futhi akhuluphaliswe endaweni yeSpanishi noma isiPutukezi. Ngakho-ke masingamangali uma sithola i-ham yase-Iberia evela ezweni elingumakhelwane: uma ibonisa i-flange ehambisanayo ekhombayo kungenxa yokuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi nemvelaphi.
Ngokuphambene, Azikho izinhlobo noma imikhawulo yemvelaphi yama-Serrano hams.. Iningi lazo litholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zengulube evamile. i-duroc, enkulu emhlophe, umhlaba y i-pietrain. Izilwane Kungenzeka ukuthi bakhuliswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe lethu.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngoba azifuni ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekukhuluphaleni. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukufeza isisindo sabo esihle, ngisho nalapho ukudla akukhethiwe ngokukhethekile.
Uhlobo lomsoco
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-ham yase-Iberia ofuna ukuyikhiqiza, yimikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala kuphela esetshenziswa ekudleni kwezingulube zase-Iberia:
- ama-acorns
- Izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa
- izithelo namajikijolo
- Amakhambi
- Izitshalo
- Okuphakelayo okukhethiwe okwenziwe ngezithako zemvelo
Ngokwengxenye yabo, kunezingulube ezivamile eziphinde zondliwe ngemikhiqizo yemvelo nekhethiwe, into ephawulekayo kwikhwalithi yokugcina ye-ham, njengoba kunjalo nesigaba esiphezulu se-Gran Reserva Serrano hams. Kodwa zingaphakelwa kuphela ngokuphakelayo.
Inqubo yokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwama-hams ase-Iberia kuhlala kwenziwa ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla noma ezindaweni lapho izimo zemvelo zilungele khona. Inqubo yokwelapha yenziwa kancane kancane futhi ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-Serrano hams angelapheka kokubili kuma-wineries nasemakamelweni okomisa ezimbonini. Ekugcineni, basebenzisa imishini yokunciphisa umswakama we-ambient ube ubuncane kanye namafeni ukusheshisa inqubo yokomisa ngangokunokwenzeka, ngomphumela oqondile wokuthi izinga lomkhiqizo wokugcina liyehla.
Izici ze-Organoleptic
Futhi sinquma kanjani ukuthi ipuleti elimnandi le-ham esikiwe liyi-Iberian ngempela noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, othile efuna ukusinika isikhathi esinzima futhi i-Serrano ham yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu?
Yebo, iqiniso liwukuthi umbala wemikhiqizo yomibili uyafana, uthatha lonke uhla lwama-shades asuka kumathoni apinki ukuya kumathoni a-maroon amnyama kakhulu.
Umehluko oyisisekelo ukungena kwamafutha: Ama-hams ase-Iberia anenyama egcwele imithambo emihle kakhulu yamafutha.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthungwa kwe-serrano kufana kakhulu, inyama ebusa ngaphezu kokungena okunamafutha.
Yilokhu kungena kwamafutha okunikeza i-ham yase-Iberia ukunambitheka okunamandla, okumnandi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside kunomzala wayo u-serrano ham. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha angenisiwe enza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwawo.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngephunga: uma sihogela iphunga elimnandi le-ham yase-Iberia esanda kusikwa kanye ne-Serrano ham, sizobona ukuthi eyokuqala okukhulu kakhulu futhi okubandakanyayo.
Intengo
Nakuba ukusho lesi sici kungase kubonakale njengeqiniso, akunjalo. Izindleko ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-ham yase-Iberia zihlala ziphakeme kakhulu kunezo ze-Serrano ham., into ebonakala emananini wokugcina wemikhiqizo yenyama yomibili.
Ngakho-ke, masiqaphele lezo hams zase-Iberia ezithengiswa eziteshini zokuthengisa ezingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa yiziphathimandla zezempilo, ngamanani asondelene nalawo e-serrano ham. Ngokunokwenzeka, lawa ama-serrano hams asezingeni elihle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ama-Iberian ham ayiqiniso.
Izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco nama-calories we-ham yase-Iberia kanye ne-Serrano ham
Kulokhu, yomibili imikhiqizo ifana kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa. Eqinisweni, kunezazi eziningi zokudla okunomsoco eziqinisekisa ukuthi isangweji le-ham liwukudla okuthi, uma sikhuluma ngokudla okunempilo, kuphelele ngokuphelele.
Lesi sitatimende singenxa yokuthi siyinhlanganisela okulingana kwayo phakathi kwama-carbohydrate anempilo esinkwa kanye namafutha namaprotheni e-ham cishe kuphelele.
Futhi yini ukwakheka okunomsoco kwama-hams ase-Iberia nama-Serrano hams? Okulandelayo, kuvezwe ngamavelu ayizinkomba:
I-Ham yase-Iberia: ukudla kwe-caloric kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunomsoco
Amanani namaphesenti akhonjiwe athathwe ngokuqondile kumalebula we-a I-bait yase-Iberia uHam kanye ne- a gcina i-serrano ham, zombili zenziwe indlu eyodwa.
Ngokusobala, emakethe ungathola ama-hams anenani lomsoco elihlukile, kuye ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokudla okudlayo.
Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa 100 amagremu of I-Iberian Ham ihlolwe ihlinzeka umzimba ngama-kilocalories angaba ngu-390. Futhi inani layo lokudla okunomsoco ngamagremu angu-100 womkhiqizo yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Amafutha: amagremu angu-29 (ama-65% awo angamafutha anempilo)
- Amaprotheni: 31 amagremu
- Ama-carbohydrate: 1 g
Usawoti wawo ungama-gramu angu-3,5 ngamagremu angu-100 we-ham.
I-Serrano ham: ukudla kwe-caloric kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunomsoco
Ngokwengxenye yayo, 100 amagremu of Serrano ham kuhlaziywe babe a inani lamandla cishe ama-kilocalories angama-310 nokuqukethwe kwayo izakhi kumi kanje:
- Amafutha: 23 amagremu (cishe ama-60% amafutha anempilo)
- Amaprotheni: 32 amagremu
- Ama-carbohydrate: 0,5 amagremu
Usawoti wawo ungamagremu angu-3,6 ngamagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo.
Siphetha ngokwengeza ngokuthi zombili izinhlobo ze-ham ziyi-a ibhomu lamavithamini, amaminerali kanye namanye ama-micronutrients abalulekile.
Ngalo mqondo, i-ham yase-Iberia inenzuzo encane kune-Serrano ham: okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-micronutrient kuwumphumela oqondile wekhwalithi yokudla kwesilwane esivela kuso.
Ngamafuphi, kokubili i-Iberian ham kanye ne-Serrano ham kukhona umthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni, amafutha anempilo kanye nama-micronutrients abalulekile. Okuwukuphela komphumela wokudla okunomsoco ongatholakala usawoti wawo, into elungiswa kalula ngokusetshenziswa kahle.